Astaamaha naasleyda: qeexidda iyo tusaalooyinka

Qanacsan

• Waa maxay naasleydu?
• 11 astaamood ee naasleyda
• Noocyada xayawaanka naasleyda ah
• Tusaalooyinka naasleyda
• Tusaalooyinka naasleyda dhulka
• Tusaalooyinka naasleyda badda
• Tusaalooyinka naasleyda monotremes
• Tusaalooyinka naasleyda marsupial -ka
• Tusaalooyinka naasleyda duulaysa

Naasleyda ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan ee la barto xayawaanka, waana sababta ay ugu yihiin kuwa ugu fiican ee la yaqaan. Sababtuna waa iyada oo ah kooxda uu aadamigu ku jiro, marka qarniyo kadib markii la isku dayay in la is barto, noocyadayaga ayaa baaray naasleyda kale.

Maqaalkan PeritoAnimal, waxaan ku sharxi doonaa qeexitaanka naasleyda, taas oo aad uga ballaaran waxa aan guud ahaan naqaanno. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaan sharxi doonaa sifooyinka naasleyda iyo tusaalooyin la yaqaan iyo qaar aan sidaa u badnayn.

Waa maxay naasleydu?

Naasleydu waa koox weyn xayawaanka lafdhabarta leh heerkulka jirka oo joogto ah, oo lagu kala saaro fasalka Mammalia. Guud ahaan, naasleyda waxaa lagu qeexaa sida xayawaanka leh dhogorta iyo naasaha caanaha, kuwaas oo dhasha ilmahooda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, naasleydu waa noole aad u adag, oo leh sifooyin qeexan marka loo eego kuwa kor ku xusan.

Dhammaan naasleyda ayaa ka soo degta hal awoowe oo caadi ah kaas oo soo baxay dhammaadkii Triassic, qiyaastii 200 milyan oo sano ka hor. Gaar ahaan, naasleyda ayaa ka soo degta synapsid asaasiga ah, tetrapods amniotic, taas oo ah, xayawaan afar lugood ah oo uurjiifkoodu soo baxay waxaa ilaaliyay afar baqshad. Ka dib markii la baabi'iyey dinosaurs -ka, qiyaastii 65 milyan oo sano ka hor, naasleydu waxay ku kala duwanaayeen awowgan guud noocyada kala duwan, la qabsiga hab kasta, dhul, biyo iyo hawo.

11 astaamood ee naasleyda

Sidii aan hore u soo sheegnay, xayawaankan laguma qeexin hal ama laba xaraf oo kaliya, dhab ahaantii, waxay leeyihiin astaamo hab -dhismeed u gaar ah, iyo sidoo kale isku -dhafnaan aad u weyn oo qof walba ka dhigaysa mid gaar ah.

At sifooyinka naasleyda laf -dhabarta yihiin:

1. daanka sameeyay kaliya by lafaha ilkaha.
2. Xidhiidhka maan -dooriyaha leh lafta madaxa ayaa si toos ah loogu sameeyaa inta u dhexaysa lafaha ilkaha iyo squamosal -ka.
3. Tilmaamaha saddex lafaha dhegta dhexe (dubbe, walaaq iyo falgal), marka laga reebo monotremes, kuwaas oo leh dheg reptilian ka fudud.
4. Qaab dhismeedka asaasiga ah ee xayawaankani waa timahooda. Dhammaan noocyada naasleyda kobcinta timaha, in ka badan ama ka yar. Noocyada qaarkood, sida cetaceans, waxay leeyihiin timo kaliya markay dhashaan, waxayna lumiyaan timahan markay korayaan. Xaaladaha qaarkood, dhogorta ayaa wax laga beddelaa, oo samaysa, tusaale ahaan, baalasha nibiriga ama miisaanka pangolin.
5. Qooyay maqaarka naasleyda, qadar aad u badan dhididka iyo qanjidhada sebaceous waa la heli karaa. Qaarkood waxay isu beddelaan qanjirro ur ama sun ah.
6. joogo qanjidhada naasaha, taas oo ka soo baxda qanjidhada sebaceous iyo caanaha qarsoon, oo ah cuntada lagama maarmaanka u ah naasleyda yaryar.
7. Marka loo eego noocyada, waxay yeelan karaan ciddiyaha, cidiyaha ama qoobabka, dhammaantood waxay ka kooban yihiin walax la yiraahdo keratin.
8. Naasleyda qaar baa leh geesaha ama geesaha. Geesyadu waxay leeyihiin saldhig lafo ah oo uu daboolay maqaarku, sidoo kale geesahu waxay leeyihiin difaac aad u qallafsan, waxaana jira kuwo kale oo aan lahayn saldhig lafo, oo ay ku samaysmeen uruurinta lakabyo maqaar ah, sida ay tahay geesaha wiyisha.
9. O qalabka dheef -shiidka ee naasaha waa mid aad u horumarsan oo ka adag noocyada kale. Tilmaanta inta badan iyaga ku kala duwan ayaa ah joogitaanka a bacda indha la ', Lifaaqa.
10. Naasleydu waxay leeyihiin a neocortex maskaxda ama haddii aan si kale u dhigno, maskax aad u horumarsan, taas oo u horseedaysa inay horumariyaan tiro badan oo ah kartida garashada ee adag.
11. dhammaan naasleyda neefsohawada, xataa haddii ay yihiin naasleyda biyaha. Sidaa darteed, nidaamka neefsashada naasleydu wuxuu leeyahay laba sambabada kaas oo, ku xidhan noocyada, laga yaabaa in ama lobed. Waxay kaloo leeyihiin trachea, bronchi, bronchioles iyo alveoli, oo loo diyaariyey is -weydaarsiga gaaska. Waxa kale oo ay leeyihiin xubin cod leh oo leh xadhko cod oo ku yaal dhuunta. Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa inay soo saaraan dhawaaqyo kala duwan.

Noocyada xayawaanka naasleyda ah

Qeexitaanka caadiga ah ee naasleyda ayaa ka reebi doonta qaar ka mid ah noocyada ugu horreeya ee naasleyda ee ka soo muuqday meeraha. Fasalka Mammalia wuxuu u qaybsan yahay saddex amar, monotremes, marsupials iyo mandheerta.

1. Monotremes. Naasleydaas waxaa lagu gartaa inay yihiin xayawaan oviparous ah, oo ah, inay dhalaan ukun. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, waxay haystaan ​​sifo ay leeyihiin awoowayaashoodii reptilian, cloaca, halkaas oo labada dheefshiidka, kaadida iyo qalabka tarankuba isugu yimaadaan.
2. Marsupials: Naasleyda marsupial -ka waxaa lagu gartaa, in kasta oo ay yihiin xayawaan noole ah, haddana waxay leeyihiin koriin aad u gaaban, oo ku dhammaystiraya meel ka baxsan ilma -galeenka hooyada laakiin gudaha boorso maqaar oo la yiraahdo marsupium, oo ay ku jiraan qanjidhada naasku.
3. Fagaarayaasha: Ugu danbeyntii, waxaa jira naasleyda mandheerta. Xayawaankan, ayaa sidoo kale, nooleyaal ah, waxay ku dhammaystiraan koritaankooda uurjiifka gudaha uurka hooyada, oo markay ka tagaan, waxay gebi ahaanba ku tiirsan yihiin hooyadood, oo siin doonta ilaalin iyo nafaqo ay u baahan doonaan bilaha ugu horreeya ama sannadaha nolosha, caanaha naaska.

Tusaalooyinka naasleyda

Si aad si fiican ugu barato xayawaankan, waxaan hoos ku soo bandhignay liis ballaaran oo tusaalooyin ah oo ku saabsan xayawaanka naasleyda ah, in kasta oo uusan u baaxad weynayn sida in ka badan 5,200 nooc oo naasleyda ah oo hadda ka jira meeraha Dhulka.

Tusaalooyinka naasleyda dhulka

Waxaan ku bilaabi doonaa naasleyda dhulka, waxaa ka mid ah:

• Zebra (zebra equus);
• bisadda guriga (Felis sylvestris catus);
• eyga guriga (Canis lupus familiaris);
• Maroodiga Afrika (Loxodonta Afrika);
• Yey (xayawaanka lupus);
• Cawsha guud (ilmo galeenka);
• Eurasian Lynx (lynx lynx);
• Bakayle Yurub (Oryctolagus cuniculus);
• Faras (equus ferus caballus)​​;
• Chimpanzee caadi ah (troglodytes digsiga);
• Bonobo (digsiga paniscus);
• Borneo Orangutan (Pong Pygmaeus);
• Orso bunni ah (Ursus arctos);
• Panda orso ama panda weyn (Ailuropoda melanoleuca);
• Dawacada cas (Vulpes Vulpes);
• Tiger Sumatran (panthera tigris sumatrae);
• Shabeelka Bengal (panthera tigris tigris);
• Qoob -ka -ciyaarka (rangifer tarandus);
• Daanyeerka Howler (Alouatta palliata);
• llama (dhoobo glam);
• Weasel ur ah (cudurka mephitis);
• Badar (malab malab).

Tusaalooyinka naasleyda badda

Waxaa kaloo jira naasleyda biyaha, waxaa ka mid ah:

• Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus);
• Nibiriga Midig ee Pygmy (Caperea marginata);
• Ganges dolphin (dhalanteedka gangetic);
• Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus);
• Nibiriga Buluugga ah (Balaenoptera musculus);
• Dolphin Bolivian (Inia boliviensis);
• Dhimashada (vexillifer lipos);
• Dolphin Araguaia (Inia araguaiaensis);
• Nibiriga Greenland (Balaena mysticetus);
• Twilight Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus);
• Dhimashada (phocoena phocoena);
• Dolphin Pink (Inia geoffrensis);
• Socodka Wabiga Dolphin (platanist yar);
• Nibiriga Midig ee Baasifigga (Eubalaena japonica);
• Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae);
• Dolphin-ka dhinac-cad ee Atlantic (Lagenorhynchus acutus);
• Vaquita (Phocoena sinus);
• Shaabadaynta Guud (Vitulina Phoca);
• Libaaxa Badda Australia (Neophoca cinerea);
• Shaabaddii dhogorta ee Koonfurta Ameerika (Arctophoca australis australis);
• Badda orso (Callorhinus orso);
• Seal Monk Seal (monachus monachus);
• Shaabadda carsaanyo (Wolfdon carcinophagus);
• Leopard Khatimidii (Hydrurga leptonyx);
• Shaabaddii gadhka (Erignathus barbatus);
• Xidhmada Harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus).

Sawirka: Pink dolphin/Taran: https://www.flickr.com/photos/lubasi/7450423740

Tusaalooyinka naasleyda monotremes

raacaya la tusaalooyinka naasleyda, halkan waxaa ah noocyo ka mid ah naasleyda monotremes:

• Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus);
• Echidna oo gaagaaban (tachyglossus aculeatus);
• Echidne ee Attenborough (Zaglossus attenboroughi);
• Echidne Barton (Zaglossus bartoni);
• Echidna oo biilasha dheer leh (Zaglossus bruijni).

Tusaalooyinka naasleyda marsupial -ka

Waxaa kaloo jira naasleyda marsupial, iyaga dhexdooda, kuwa ugu caansan waa:

• Vombatka caadiga ah (Ursinus Vombatus);
• Qasabka sonkorta (dillaacyada petaurus);
• Bariga Gray Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus);
• Galbeedka Gray Kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus);
• Koala (Phascolarctos Cinereus);
• Kangarooga cas (Macropus rufus);
• Ibliis ama shaydaanka Tasmaaniya (Sarcophilus harrisii).

Tusaalooyinka naasleyda duulaysa

Si loo soo afjaro maqaalkan ku saabsan sifooyinka naasleyda, aan xusno qaar ka mid ah noocyada naasleyda duulaya ee aad u baahan tahay inaad ka ogaato:

• Fiidmeerta dhogorta leh (Myotis emarginatus);
• Fiidmeerta weyn ee arboreal (Nyctalus noctula);
• Fiidmeerta Koonfureed (Eptesicus isabellinus);
• Fiidmeerta Cas ee lamadegaanka (Lasiurus blossevillii);
• Fiidmeerta duulaysa Filibiin (Acerodon jubatus);
• fiidmeer dubbe (Hypsignathus monstrosus);
• Fiidmeerta caadiga ah ama fiidmeerta dwarf (pipistrellus pipistrellus);
• Fiidmeerta Vampire (Isbedelka rotundus);
• Fiidmeerta Vampire Bat-lugta leh (Diphylla ecaudata);
• Fiidmeerta garabka cad ee Vampire (diaemus youngi).

Haddii aad rabto inaad akhrido maqaallo badan oo la mid ah Astaamaha naasleyda: qeexidda iyo tusaalooyinka, waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad gasho qaybtayada Curiosities ee dunida xayawaanka.